Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Lozenges Containing Guava Leaves Extract and Clove Oil for Dental Caries

Dental caries is a common oral health issue caused by the demineralization of tooth enamel due to bacterial activity. Traditional remedies for preventing and managing dental caries have garnered interest due to their natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the potential of herbal lozenges formulated from guava (Psidium guajava) leaves and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil as an adjunctive treatment for dental caries. Guava leaves are rich in antimicrobial compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, known for their ability to inhibit oral pathogens, while clove oil contains eugenol, a potent antibacterial and analgesic agent. The lozenges were designed to provide sustained release of these bioactive compounds, potentially reducing the growth of cariogenic bacteria, alleviating oral pain, and promoting oral health. The formulation was evaluated for its physicochemical properties, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity. Results indicated that the guava-Leaves and clove-oil lozenges exhibited significant antibacterial activity against common cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, and showed no harmful effects on oral mucosal cells. These findings suggest that herbal lozenges containing guava Leaves extract and clove oil could offer a natural, effective alternative for preventing and managing dental caries