Ocular Drug Delivery System: A Review On Its Recent Advancement

One of the most intriguing and difficult issues facing pharmaceutical firms today is the delivery of drugs to the eyes. The primary issue is the drug's low bioavailability. Compared to traditional dosage forms, controlled drug delivery systems have numerous benefits, such as increased drug bioavailability, decreased toxicity, and reduced frequency of dosing. Ocular medication delivery systems that form in-situ have the potential to address issues such as low bioavailability of ophthalmic solutions due to dilution and ocular drainage. To increase the medications' bioavailability, various dosage forms, including liposomes, microemulsions, and nanoparticles, have been created. Static barriers, which include the various layers of the cornea, sclera, and retina as well as blood-aqueous and blood-retinal barriers, as well as dynamic barriers, which include choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance, and tear dilution, can all have an impact on drug delivery. More recent research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems aims to slow down the medication's removal while also prolonging the vehicle's contact duration at the ocular surface. The identification of influx transporters on different ocular tissues and the development of parent drug delivery strategies that target these transporters have gained traction in recent years.