Correlation of Glycemic Control in Newborn at Birth in Relation to Maternal Glycemic Control in Diabetic Mothers

Background: Maternal HbA1c levels have been found to correlate closely with the occurrence of congenital malformations and other neonatal complications characteristic of pregnant diabetic women. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation of glycemic control in newborn at birth in relation to maternal glycemic control in diabetic mothers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a Tertiary care hospital of south east India for a period of one year. Study included 84 babies born to mothers with Gestational diabetes or Type I or Type II DM. Maternal HbA1c was done before delivery by HPLC, and all babies were subjected to random blood sugar as per protocol for infant of diabetic mother (IDM) i.e. at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours of life by glucometer. Glycosylated Haemoglobin of the newborn was done at 24hrs after birth by HPLC, and 2D ECHO was performed on each baby to see for any structural or functional abnormality of the heart. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between mean birth weight and gender (p>0.05) in IDM. 71.4% of patients were AGA. There was no significant difference between mean HbA1c of neonate (5.87%±0.61) and mean maternal HbA1c (5.69%±0.73) (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that IDM babies are at risk of hypoglycemia if the mother’s HbA1c level go beyond 6.5%.