Middle Managers' Workplace Communication in Relation to Subordinates' Motivation

Abstract This study explores the relationship between middle managers' speech acts and the motivation levels of their subordinates at Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU). Specifically, it examines how different communication styles—assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts—impact subordinates' motivation, focusing on key dimensions of motivation such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The study employs a quantitative, correlational research design, using statistical analyses to assess the differences in speech acts based on demographic factors such as age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, and type of employment. The findings indicate that directive and expressive speech acts significantly enhance subordinates' motivation, while assertive speech acts, when skillfully applied, also play a meaningful role in influencing outcomes. Furthermore, significant differences in motivation were observed based on age, sex, and educational attainment, with subordinates rating relatedness as the most motivating factor. The study suggests that middle managers should adopt tailored communication strategies to foster a more motivated, engaged, and productive workforce. Recommendations include the promotion of age-specific, gender-sensitive, and education-based motivational approaches, along with the emphasis on directive and expressive communication to enhance subordinates' intrinsic motivation. The study culminated in the development of a communication guide that serves as a strategic reference tool designed to offer evidence-based communication approaches aimed at fostering a motivated, engaged, and productive workforce. It emphasizes the application of tailored, inclusive, and relationally focused communication techniques. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of personalized communication in enhancing job satisfaction, performance, and organizational success. Keywords: middle managers, speech acts, motivation, autonomy, competence, relatedness