THE PROBLEM OF OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Obesity plays an inevitable role in increasing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot utilize insulin efficiently, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels as its primary manifestation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by low insulin secretion by β-cells and peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in increased levels of fatty acids. This causes decreased glucose transport to muscle cells, increased fat breakdown and glucose production by the liver. Studies have shown that overweight and obesity account for 80-85% of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases that are on the rise worldwide, requiring new approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetes in obese people. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanistic link between the two and develop an integrated approach to increase life expectancy and improve quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It has reached pandemic proportions, making the treatment of obesity critical for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. Numerous clinical studies have shown that moderate and sustained weight loss can improve blood glucose levels, insulin action and reduce the need for diabetic medications. This approach also greatly helps in the prevention, control and remission of diabetes mellitus. Also obesity directly affects cardiovascular disease risk factors including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and sleep disorders. This literature review aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of epidemiological data on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus to determine their interrelationships and to estimate the associated prevalence of these diseases.