Popular trends in the use of forged elements in the interior and exterior of residential and commercial spaces

The article systematizes and characterizes the most clearly manifested and popular trends in the use of forged elements in the interior and exterior of residential and commercial spaces. The relevance of this topic is due to the unique ability within the framework of the considered approach to combine aesthetic expressiveness, durability, as well as functionality. Modern architectural and design projects actively turn to this traditional art form, which requires an analysis of historical experience, technological achievements, and available opportunities. The purpose of the study is to identify the key trends shaping the role of forged products in the design of spaces, as well as to summarize the knowledge accumulated to date about the stylistic and functional aspects of their application. In the course of work, contradictions were discovered in the scientific literature: some authors focus on the need to preserve traditional technologies, while others emphasize the crucial importance of innovation to increase productivity and adapt forging to current requirements. The results demonstrate that the studied elements remain in demand due to their versatility, the ability to harmoniously integrate into various stylistic concepts, and create accents that emphasize the individuality of the space. The main trends are the use of wrought—iron stairs and railings, decorative grilles on windows, gates and fences, furniture with metal elements, loft-style lighting fixtures, balcony fences, garden accessories, small architectural forms, metal panels and art objects, openwork partitions. The article will be useful for architects, interior designers, specialists in the field of artistic metalworking, as well as researchers studying the history and development of decorative and applied arts.