Evaluation of Paris Metro & Shadow Pricing as a Congestion Management Scheme in Packets Based Network

Network congestion is becoming a serious issue due to the constantly increasing demand for mobile services offered by GSM communications. GSM congestion needs to be reduced or controlled since it is extremely important. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to prevent and control congestion in cellular networks, such as the GSM network. This research intends to combine Paris metro pricing and Shadow pricing scheme in management of congestion of packets in GSM. The experimental result is simulated and evaluated using flutter framework application. The application consists of a single page with multiple widgets to display information about the simulation. The two dynamic pricing methods' respective performances are shown. The outcome demonstrates that shadow pricing is a more effective way to control traffic. The combination of Paris metro price and shadow pricing successfully reduced traffic and increased income.