Zygoneura Meigen 1830

Genus Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 Type species: Zygoneura sciarina Meigen, 1830 [Meigen (1830): 305, Pl. 65, Fig. 15 (by monotypy)]. Pharetratula Mamaev, 1968 [Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Mohrig et al. (1990): 227; Zhang & Yang (1990): 267; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62]. Allozygoneura Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 [Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 580; Zhang et al. (2010): 40; Shin et al. (2014): 561; Eiseman et al. (2016): 520]. Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 [Meigen (1830): 304; Enderlein (1911): 187, 191; Johannsen (1912): 113, 116; Lengersdorf (1928 –30): 66; Frey (1942): 21, 35; Frey (1948): 45, 69; Tuomikoski (1960): 3, 156; Steffan (1966): 32, 39; Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Steffan (1980): 234; Steffan (1981): 250; Freeman (1983): 16, 22; Mamaev (1985): 29; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Gerbachevskaya (1988): 489, 538; Amorim (1992): 68 (in part); Evenhuis (1994): 172; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62; Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 13, 88; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 84, 576, 723; Sasakawa (2003): 131; Rudzinski (2005): 375; Zhang et al. (2010): 41; Mohrig et al. (2013): 265; Shin et al. (2013): 835, 843; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 360]. Remarks. This genus is easily recognizable morphologically by the widely curved fork of wing-vein M, which is also a character of the genus Euricrium Enderlein and Pseudozygomma Mohrig. Zygoneura can be distinguished from the latter genera by characteristics such as a flagellomere with an elongated neck, a gonostylus lacking a tooth, absence of microtrichia on the posterior veins (M and Cu) of the wing, and a uniform coloration of the wing membrane without distinct brown bands.. Distribution. Palearctic, Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions (Shin et al. 2014).