Bufo bufo

BUFO BUFO (Linnaeus, 1758) Bufo gr. bufo Figure 21 Material. Hambach 11: one sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2020). Description. IPB-HaR 2020 is a medium-sized sacral vertebra provided with an anterior cotyle and two posterior condyles. The neural canal is subelliptical. A low carina neuralis is present on the dorsal surface of the neural arch, whereas there are no fossettes. Transverse processes are broken and so it is not easy to evaluate their complete anteroposterior extension. Nevertheless, the preserved bases suggest that they were not cylindrical and also not strongly expanded. Remarks. This sacral vertebra is here attributed to a representative of the common toad species group due to (Bailon, 1999): presence of an anterior cotyle; transverse processes not strongly extended; presence of a carina neuralis; and absence of fossettes on the dorsal surface of the neural arch.