Immunological Quality of Colostrum and Specific Antibodies Against Enteropathogens in the Colostrum and Transition Milk of Crossbred Gir × Holstein Cows

Colostrum management is crucial for enhancing the immune response against enteropathogens and monitoring dairy calves during the early weeks of life. This study investigated the dynamics of general and specific IgG content in cow milk during early lactation, focusing on crossbred Gir × Holstein cows, the predominant dairy cattle population in tropical countries like Brazil. The effects of parity number and milking order were evaluated in 50 healthy Gir × Holstein cows, divided into primiparous and multiparous groups. Results showed that multiparous cows produced colostrum with higher IgG levels compared to primiparous cows. Additionally, multiparous cows produced higher volumes of transition milk and exhibited a higher percentage of total solids in their postpartum mammary secretions. Using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the dynamics of IgG in mammary secretions and levels of specific antibodies against enteropathogens in early milkings were determined. Results indicated a tendency for higher inhibition of specific antibodies against Escherichia coli K99 in the blood serum of multiparous cows. Time postpartum effects were observed on the physiological and immunological components in mammary secretions and blood of crossbred Gir × Holstein cows, highlighting the importance of colostrum management and the need for developing specific clinical and physiological assays for this genetically adapted cattle population in tropical and subtropical countries. This dataset will contribute to enhancing management practices and health of Gir × Holstein dairy cows, benefiting dairy production in these regions.