A Roadmap for Simulation-Based Testing of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Future Direction

As the era of autonomous cyber-physical systems (ACPSs), such as unmanned aerial vehicles and self-driving cars, unfolds, the demand for robust testing methodologies is key to realizing the adoption of such systems in real-world scenarios. However, traditional software testing paradigms face unprecedented challenges in ensuring the safety and reliability of these systems. In response, this article pioneers a strategic roadmap for simulation-based system-level testing of ACPSs, specifically focusing on autonomous systems. Our article discusses the relevant challenges and obstacles of ACPSs, focusing on test automation and quality assurance, hence advocating for tailored solutions to address the unique demands of autonomous systems. While providing concrete definitions of test cases within simulation environments, we also accentuate the need to create new benchmark assets and the development of automated tools tailored explicitly for autonomous systems in the software engineering community. This article not only highlights the relevant, pressing issues the software engineering community should focus on (in terms of practices, expected automation, and paradigms), but it also outlines ways to tackle them. By outlining the various domains and challenges of simulation-based testing/development for ACPSs, we provide directions for future research efforts.