THE IMPACT OF PATIENT SHIELDING ON RADIATION EXPOSURE IN DIAGNOSTIC X-RAYS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This systematic review examines the impact of patient shielding on radiation exposure during diagnostic X-ray examinations. Shielding has traditionally been used to protect patients from unnecessary radiation, particularly to sensitive areas such as the thyroid, gonads, and breast tissue. With advancements in radiological technology and evolving safety guidelines, the role of shielding is being reevaluated. This review synthesizes evidence from recent studies, analyzing the effectiveness of shielding in reducing radiation doses across various types of diagnostic X-rays, including dental, chest, and abdominal imaging. The results suggest that while shielding can reduce exposure in certain contexts, its effectiveness varies based on the type of examination and shielding material used. Moreover, recent debates challenge the necessity of shielding, with some arguing that modern equipment already minimizes exposure. The review also identifies inconsistencies in shielding practices and emphasizes the need for updated guidelines based on technological advancements. Future research should focus on optimizing shielding practices and exploring alternative methods for minimizing radiation risks in diagnostic imaging. Keywords: Patient shielding, Diagnostic X-rays, Radiation exposure, Radiological safety, Radiation protection, Shielding effectiveness, Radiology guidelines, Modern imaging technology, Healthcare safety