Understanding alcohol in Swiss disabled sports

Introduction: Research on (recreational) psychoactive substance use among individuals with disabilities (IWDs) is still very rare. This study investigates alcohol consumption behaviors, perceptions, and associated risks among IWD engaged in Swiss sports programs of the Swiss disabled sports system. Methods: Employing a participatory research approach, we conducted free-listing interviews with 117 athletes ( N = 117) from various disability sports groups (physical, psychiatric, and intelligence disabilities each ca. 1/3) to uncover the social, legal, and personal factors that influence drinking behavior in this population. Interviews were analyzed using Thematic Analysis and Nvivo. Results: Our findings reveal a dual role of alcohol: while it contributes to social inclusion, it also presents significant risks, especially when combined with medications commonly used by IWDs, a factor very often overlooked by both participants and club leaders. Notably, we observed substantial knowledge gaps concerning alcohol’s health impacts and the dangers of mixed substance use (“Mischkonsum”), a growing concern in Switzerland’s National Addiction Strategy. Additionally, limited awareness among sports club leaders regarding alcohol-related risks complicates prevention efforts, underscoring the need for tailored educational programs. Discussion: This research emphasizes the importance of creating accessible, targeted prevention strategies to foster responsible alcohol consumption and reduce harm within sports clubs, enhancing social well-being and health outcomes for IWDs.