A Strategic Approach to Enable Large-Scale Photovoltaic Energy Systems Deployment in Urban Areas

Deploying large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential to advancing urban energy transition; however, there are unique challenges that necessitate structured, strategic approaches. This paper introduces a conceptual, actor-oriented framework to support large-scale PV deployment in urban areas. The framework was developed through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that aimed to address the research question, "What approach can enable the large-scale deployment of photovoltaic energy systems in urban areas?"— grounded in a recognized research gap. Through this review, four primary actor groups were identified as influential in the deployment process, whether by contributing to, affecting, or being impacted by large-scale PV implementation: (1) Decision-makers, (2) Directly Affected Actors, (3) Indirectly Affected Actors, and (4) Interested Parties. Additionally, six key layers of influence emerged as critical to PV deployment, encompassing (i) External Context, (ii) Internal Context, (iii) Assessment & Planning, (iv) BIPV Technology Advancements, (v) Large-Scale Deployment, and (vi) Urban Energy System Integration. Together, these layers and their 32 influencing factors shape an “urban ecosystem” foundational to effective PV deployment. The findings of the SLR provided the basis for developing a strategic, actor-oriented framework, designed to support territories aiming to undertake extensive PV energy system deployments and contribute to urban sustainability.