Sample Preparation for Multi‐Omics Analysis: Considerations and Guidance for Identifying the Ideal Workflow

ABSTRACT Advances in methodologies and technologies over the past decade have led to an unprecedented depth of analysis of a cell's biomolecules, with entire genomes able to be sequenced in hours and up to 10,000 transcripts or ORF products (proteins) able to be quantified from a single cell. Methods for analysing individual omes are now optimised, reliable and robust but are often performed in isolation with other biomolecules considered contaminants. However, there is a growing body of systems biology studies that aim to study multiple omes from the same sample. This review details the current state of the “multi‐omics” field, trying to define what the field is, the methodologies employed and the challenges facing researchers in this field. It also critically evaluates whether these approaches are “fit‐for‐purpose” and how the field needs to evolve to enhance our understanding of how biomolecules from distinct omes interact with one another to alter cellular phenotype in response to change.