Review on Bioethanol Production using Diverse Substrates and Fungal Strains

The scarcity and unsustainable supply of fossil fuels in reservoirs prompt researchers to explore several alternative and sustainable energy sources from renewable feedstocks. Given the significance of bioethanol being produced in order to meet the energy demand, the available data is scattered, with little effort to condense the findings, which will be imperative to comprehend. This review highlights and summarizes various findings on bioethanol production. Published studies from 2000 to 2024 were reviewed. A total of 3,650 records were collected from various databases and sorted based on the title. Bioethanol has recently seen growing commercialization due to its market stability, low cost, sustainability alternative fuel energy composition, greener output and massive fossil fuel depletion but the major challenges that hindered bioethanol production are due to a lack of optimization which results in a lower yield of bioethanol produced and as a result, it cannot be applied for large scale production. The enzymatic capabilities of fungal strains are essential for Bioethanol production and can be enhanced through modern technologies such as synthetic biology and genome editing. Future research should concentrate on harnessing the capabilities of fungal strains to improve enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, particularly emphasizing strain engineering strategies that enhance sugar utilization and resistance to fermentation inhibitors.