Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of osteoporosis induced by ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent inflammatory bowel disease that is associated with multiple systemic complications. With the growing aging population in China, the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) has reached the highest level worldwide. UC can lead to secondary pathological changes that disrupt skeletal homeostasis and reduce bone mineral density, thereby significantly increasing the risk of OP in affected patients. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of UC-induced OP, including micronutrient deficiency, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. By summarizing current knowledge, this article also aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and management of OP in patients with UC.