Key points and progress on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gliomas

Pediatric gliomas are highly heterogeneous and have unique molecular characteristics. They are not smaller versions of adult gliomas. This review emphasizes the basic points of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for pediatric gliomas, introduces the similarities and differences with targeted therapy for adult gliomas, describes the important driver gene abnormalities involved in pediatric gliomas and the corresponding targeted therapy strategies, and focuses on the epigenetic treatment strategies for pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas caused by histone H3 mutations, and looks forward to the future work of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gliomas.