New advances on the treatment of rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by transient flushing, persistent erythema, papules, pustules and telangiectasia. The pathogenesis of rosacea is complex. Although traditional therapies have been shown to improve the symptoms, the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have proposed new therapeutic approaches to treat rosacea and advancement has been achieved in the fields of topical injection therapy, systemic therapy and physical therapy. Injections of botulinum toxin (BTX) can improve the facial erythema and flushing as well as patients quality of life. Medications such as Tranexamic Acid (TXA) and metformin originally prescribed for other disorders have shown potential therapeutic effects on rosacea. Additionally, the treatment of either neurological or psychiatric disorders or digestive diseases that are comorbid with rosacea may also alleviate rosacea. This article reviews the recent advances in the treatment of rosacea, aiming to provide new insights for the clinical treatment.