Location matters: A geospatial analysis of fungus-resistant grapes in Switzerland

Context Viticulture is one of the most economically relevant but also pesticide-intensive agricultural sectors, with negative impacts on human health and the environment. Fungus-resistant grape varieties can reduce fungicide use in viticulture by about 80 %. Objective Achieving effective and efficient pesticide risk reductions requires not only that these varieties are increasingly planted but also that they are planted at the right place. This study provides the first assessment of the geospatial distribution of fungus-resistant varieties. Methods Using detailed plot-level data (N = 19,385) from the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, we investigate whether these varieties are more likely planted on plots of concern for pesticide exposure to human health (e.g. densely populated areas) and/or the environment (e.g. in or close to specific ecosystems). Results and conclusions Our results suggest that fungus-resistant grape varieties are more likely planted near densely populated residential areas and lakes, thus reducing pesticide exposure to humans and lower pesticide run-off into water bodies. However, we do not find that fungus-resistant varieties are more likely planted in other areas of concern such as protected water zones, near rivers or near public hiking paths. We provide policy recommendations on how to promote improved spatial allocation, i.e. that the planting of fungus-resistant varieties is promoted, especially in critical areas. Significance This study highlights the relevance of the spatial distribution of fungus-resistant grape varieties to reduce pesticide risk exposure in viticulture, which accounts for a significant share of pesticide use in agriculture overall. Reducing pesticide exposure risks to human health and the environment is an explicit policy goal. This study underscores the need to promote the broader planting of fungus-resistant varieties and implement targeted policies for their strategic placement in critical areas, thereby minimizing pesticide exposure risks for human health and the environment.