Emerging Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myokines and Hepatokines in Muscle-liver Crosstalk: Implications for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia are prevalent metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly populations, with overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. The liver and skeletal muscle secrete hepatokines and myokines, which play crucial roles in maintaining energy homeostasis by activating metabolic signaling pathways and mediating crosstalk in the muscleliver axis. This review explores the specific mechanisms by which myokines and hepatokines contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and sarcopenia, aiming to elucidate the regulatory network between the liver and skeletal muscle.