Organoid research: Theory, technology, and therapeutics

Organoids are 3D cellular constructs formed through in vitro assembly and stem cell self-organization, recapitulating key features of human tissues with physiological relevance far exceeding traditional 2D cultures and animal models. Their ability to mimic tissue-specific architecture, cellular diversity, and functional dynamics has driven transformative advances in biomedical research, spanning disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In recent years, significant progress in organoid technology has been achieved, driven by innovations such as organoid bioprinting, highlighting the need for a dedicated academic platform. In response, we established Organoid Research, a journal committed to advancing this rapidly evolving field through the publication of high-impact research. In this inaugural perspective article, we provide a comprehensive overview of future trends in organoid research, emphasizing the integration of materiobiology-driven organoid construction and emerging technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, artificial intelligence, and assembloid technologies. We also explore the translational potential of organoids in personalized medicine, focusing on their therapeutic applications. This perspective emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate the clinical translation and widespread application of organoids.