Assessment of Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities along with Molecular Docking Studies, and in silico ADME of Some 3-Hydroxypyridin-4-one Derivatives

Tyrosinase is an essential enzyme in melanin production, which plays an important role in the browning of plants and vegetables and skin diseases in humans. Therefore, the design and synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitors are important in the food industry and in treating melanin-related skin diseases. In this study, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and the antioxidant capacity of a series of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one derivatives that have been synthesized in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were assessed. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The biological results indicated that these derivatives exhibit mild anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant properties. Docking studies were also conducted, and the results showed that the compounds have suitable binding free energy and interactions with the active site of the tyrosinase enzyme, which were not consistent with the biological results. Finally, the investigation of the pharmacokinetic characteristics and drug-likeness of the derivatives showed that they have the potential for oral bioavailability.