The mediating role of cognitive fusion in the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and cognitive avoidance: A study on cosmetic surgery applicants

Introduction: Research findings from multiple studies suggest that individuals pursuing cosmetic surgery often experience various psychological challenges, highlighting the importance of examining the psychological factors contributing to these issues. Objective: This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of cognitive fusion on the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and cognitive avoidance in individuals applying for cosmetic surgery. Method: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design, incorporating path analysis to investigate the proposed relationships. The statistical population comprised individuals seeking cosmetic surgery in the cities of Zahedan, Mashhad, and Bojnourd during 2023–2024. A total of 261 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Assessment, and the Cognitive Avoidance Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis, employing SPSS version 24 and SmartPLS version 3. Results: Cognitive avoidance had a significant, positive, and indirect effect on body dysmorphic disorder (p < 0.01). Additionally, cognitive avoidance exerted a significant, positive, and direct effect on both fusion and fault factors (p < 0.01). Furthermore, fusion and fault factors demonstrated a significant, positive, and direct effect on body dysmorphic disorder (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that cognitive fusion played a crucial mediating role in the association between body dysmorphic disorder and cognitive avoidance among cosmetic surgery applicants. These results highlight the need for further research to obtain more precise and comprehensive insights into this association.