A framework for smart charging strategies to further the adoption of electric buses in cities

The increasing deployment of electric buses in cities can create opportunities for bus operators to provide flexibility to the electrical grid and to reduce their operational costs. However, charging sessions must be properly monitored to maximize externalities while ensuring energy requirements of the fleet for their trips. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the relevant charging strategies for a fleet of electric buses. After reviewing possible charging strategies in cooperation with grid ecosystem, a framework of interactions between actors is proposed. Modeling methods enabling to implement several charging strategies in a mathematical model are finally presented.