Theoretical Explanation of Sustainable Security Paradigm in Border and Border Regions

<p>Theoretical Explanation of Sustainable Security Paradigm in Border and Border Regions Extended Abstract: Introduction: Border security is the protection of border lines against possible attacks and preventing any illegal acts along the border and border areas of a country and legalizing the movement of people and the transportation of goods through authorized border gates. Establishing security at the border and border areas is one of the main concerns of countries, especially in today's world full of threats, and governments consider different approaches, policies, measures and methods to achieve this goal. The formation and organization of the army and military force, the establishment of border posts and military bases on the borders, the establishment of border governments such as Ghassan and Hira; Creating a wall and defense barriers at the borders, such as the China Wall, Hadrin, Gorgan wall; The forced relocation of human groups and ethnic groups, the conclusion of non-aggression pacts between neighboring countries, etc. have been among the most important strategies of governments to establish security at their borders. The purpose of this research is to plan and explain the establishment of security at the border and border areas from the perspective of the "sustainable security" paradigm Methodology: The research is "descriptive-analytical" in terms of its nature and method. Research information has been collected in a library form and by referring to reliable sources. The main question of the research is that establishing security at the border and border areas based on the indicators and criteria of the "sustainable security" paradigm requires what requirements and considerations? Results and discussion: The emergence of the concept and paradigm of "sustainable security" is a continuation of the developments that have taken place in the field of security during the past decades, and in fact, »sustainable security« is an approach that is proposed in modern security studies as an alternative to the »control paradigm«. Historically, realist security theory, liberal security theory, third world security school and Copenhagen school are in the same group as positivist and traditional security solutions. In these schools and approaches, the establishment of security was often possible through force with the help of military tools, and of course the main source of security was the government and the political system. Based on this, since the main type and source of the threat was the military factor, the countries were strengthening their military force and weapons power to eliminate this threat. This type of attitude prevailed in the establishment of security at the borders of the countries, and for this reason, we still see the concentration of military forces and military and law enforcement centers and establishments at many borders of the countries. which deal with border threats such as illegal traffic, human trafficking, goods, drugs, evil, conflicts, etc. But global conditions and developments have changed and it is necessary to manage the border accordingly. During the last two or three decades, we have witnessed the emergence of a new paradigm in the field of security under the title of "sustainable security". Compared to the previous schools of security, in this paradigm we are faced with different foundations, features, indicators. In the paradigm of sustainable security, unlike the previous paradigms, security does not mean the absence of threats, but security is equal to the feeling of safety and peace that can be obtained from the absence or reduction of threats and the existence of equal opportunities to create and cultivate morals and virtues. A human being is obtained. In addition, in the paradigm of sustainable security, "human security" has a basic and fundamental role, and this type of security is not limited to one or two specific physical or psychological dimensions, but includes four important dimensions: first, the absence of threats to human survival, second The existence of necessary opportunities to meet diverse human needs, thirdly, the lack of vulnerability in various economic, environmental, political, social and cultural dimensions, and finally, fourthly, the existence of necessary fields to increase self-esteem and human values. In general, it can be said that sustainable security is security for everyone (individual, government, environment), at all levels (existential, welfare and meaningful security), in all dimensions (economic, political, environmental...), with participation Everyone, in all spaces, over time, with a positive approach (creating opportunities...), preventive and preferring and prioritizing peaceful methods (discussion, persuasion...). Conclusion: Different paradigms and approaches have been proposed in the establishment of security at the border and border areas. In this way, in accordance with the classical schools of security, in the past, the concept of "border security" was mainly discussed rather than "Border Residents security". In fact, border security is the result of the functioning of components such as "protection", "prevention" and "control". It is obvious that in such an approach, creating security requires the creation of various military and law enforcement systems to prevent any unauthorized movement and smuggling of goods and dealing with border violators and criminals. The new paradigm of sustainable security in terms of its nature, dimensions and indicators differences Basic with past schools. In this paradigm, the "quality of life" is considered as the focal point; the people have authority instead of the government, in addition to getting rid of threats, creating opportunities is considered, instead of protecting the interests of those in power, the growth and excellence of human beings and human society is important. Finally, in order to establish security, instead of dealing with crime and criminals, you should deal with criminal backgrounds and platforms. The findings of the research indicate that the establishment of stable security at the border and border areas requires preventive, positive, comprehensive, community-oriented, participation-oriented, comfort-giving and meaning-oriented approaches, and based on this paradigm, border security with the priority of ensuring the security of border residents achieved.</p>