Meta-Synthesis of Land Value Capture (LVC) Mechanism and Its Instruments

The rapid pace of urbanization and the growing demand for urban development have precipitated financial crises in cities worldwide, particularly in funding essential projects. Traditional revenue sources are insufficient to meet the substantial costs of urban initiatives, resulting in a significant financial gap between escalating expenditures and stagnant income streams. The Land Value Capture (LVC) mechanism, a collection of innovative financial tools, has gained global recognition as an effective strategy to alleviate the financial pressures of urban development. This study introduces the LVC mechanism to the Persian academic urban planning community for the first time, systematically categorizing its implementation tools using the meta-synthesis method. Data collection involved document analysis and a comprehensive literature review, adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PRISMA systematic review method. The data was analyzed through open and axial coding, followed by categorization. The proposed research model classifies LVC tools into four categories: tax and fee mechanisms, regulatory adjustments, public-private partnerships, and public asset and property management. It further identifies the instruments within each category and examines their application across various countries.