Traceability in Battery Production Systems

It is our undeniable responsibility to address the impact of greenhouse gases on our environment. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industrial practices and societal behavior is crucial in addressing the resulting environmental challenges. Energy storage systems, including batteries, are emerging as a crucial technology in various sectors such as energy storage and transportation. However, the high cost of materials, relatively lower production yields, and energyintensive processes, coupled with a lack of understanding of existing interrelationships in battery manufacturing, result in high costs, environmental impact, and inconsistent product and process quality. To manage this complexity, along with multi-stakeholder involvement, improved transparency is necessary. Traceability is a crucial technology, not only for supply chain purposes but also as a central aspect of a comprehensive quality management system. Implementing a traceability system throughout a value chain requires cross-functional coordination, which can pose challenges for traditional operating models. It is important to consider various technology applications and options. A literature review uncovered a deficiency in comprehending the current definitions and principles of traceability, particularly within the battery cell production system. This limitation hinders the implementation of such a system, necessitating the identification of appropriate technologies to address existing challenges and demonstrate their effectiveness. The framework presented in this book is based on the concept of a CPPS and includes four transition modules to ensure consistent traceability. It can contribute to future data-driven approaches for intelligent production systems. The framework covers both upstream tracking and downstream tracing of information and objects. Furthermore, this work primarily addresses the gate-to-gate perspective by focusing on internal traceability within the manufacturing system of battery cell production. The developed framework was prototypically implemented in the facilities of the Battery Lab- Factory Braunschweig. A conducted stakeholder analysis resulted in three scenarios of application with varying traceability system granularities. From a production manager's perspective, a prototype system was implemented to automate the allocation of production and product data. The system ensures accuracy and efficiency in production data management. An energy manager's perspective was incorporated into this system, resulting in a robust traceability system capable of detecting and handling errors through a semantic model layer. Finally, a data analyst's perspective was included in a third application scenario by implementing a traceability system that supplies comprehensive data on electrode sheet levels for modeling purposes.