Acute Pancreatitis Following Mushroom Toxicity: a case report

Introduction: Mushroom poisoning remains a global concern, with over 5,000 species of poisonous mushrooms worldwide. Amanita phalloides is responsible for approximately 95% of fatal poisonings globally. Although most cases typically present with mild gastrointestinal symptoms, complications such as acute pancreatitis are rare yet critical, warranting a deeper exploration into their implications and management.Case Presentation: We report a case of acute pancreatitis in a 45-year-old Iranian woman at Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in November 2024 after possible consumption of Amanita mushrooms approximately 6 hours before her presentation to the medical facility. The patient, who had no significant medical or family history of pancreatic disease, presented with acute upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Examination and subsequent laboratory tests confirmed acute pancreatitis, characterized by markedly elevated amylase and lipase enzyme levels. She was treated with aggressive hydration and total parenteral nutrition, which resulted in remarkable clinical improvement within 6 days.Discussion: While it is acknowledged that most cases of mushroom poisoning lead to mild gastroenteritis, the occurrence of acute pancreatitis as a secondary complication following mushroom ingestion remains strikingly underreported. This phenomenon, although rare, has recently garnered attention in clinical discourse, as evidenced by several case studies that have illuminated the relationship between certain mushroom toxins and pancreatic injury. It is vital for clinicians to consider pancreatitis as a potential complication in cases involving mushroom poisoning, thereby allowing for prompt diagnosis and management.Conclusion: In light of the severe implications associated with acute pancreatitis secondary to mushroom poisoning, further research is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking mushroom toxins to pancreatic damage. This research would underscore the importance of clinician vigilance during diagnosis, as well as the necessity for public education aimed at preventing mushroom-related illnesses.