Research progress on synergistic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction based on microalgae technology

A large amount of CO2 is emitted during the sewage treatment process, accounting for 1% to 2% of the total carbon emission of the whole society. Microalgae have the advantages of fast growth, strong environmental adaptability, high carbon sequestration efficiency, and low cost. Therefore, microalgae technology is considered to be the most environmentally friendly, safe, and sustainable CO2 biological sequestration method in sewage treatment. Microalgae wastewater treatment technology is a promising and cost-effective method for both biological fixation of CO2 and wastewater treatment and remediation. Based on the current research status, this paper reviewed the effectiveness of microalgae technology in reducing pollution and carbon dioxide under different volume fractions of CO2 aeration conditions, analyzed the factors affecting the carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae and introduced the enhancement measures of microalgae technology. The mechanisms of microalgae technology and bacterial-algae symbiosis technology in reducing pollution and carbon emissions were also discussed, while the research directions that needed to be focused on in the future were outlined to lay the foundation for achieving the goal of “carbon neutrality” and the large-scale development of this integrated technology.