Research status of the characteristics of anorectal microbiome associated with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasm

［Abstract］High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasm represents a precancerous lesion of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Recent studies have demonstrated significant differences in the composition and characteristics of the anorectal microbiome between the general population and high-risk individuals/patients with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasm and anal squamous cell carcinoma. This paper aims to review the characteristics of the anorectal microbiome in high-risk individuals/patients with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasm and anal squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying the progression of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasm and exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this condition.