Efficacy of Augmentation Materials and Surgical Methods in Alveolar Ridge Preservation Post-Tooth Extraction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of various augmentation materials and surgical techniques in alveolar ridge preservation procedures compared to natural post-extraction socket healing. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE database, focusing on the efficacy of different augmentation materials. The initial search yielded 291 studies, which were screened to exclude duplicates and irrelevant entries. Full texts of potentially relevant articles were assessed based on predefined inclusion criteria: studies had to be randomized controlled trials or clinical studies with a minimum follow-up of two months. RESULTS: In total, 19 studies were ultimately included into the analysis. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures are more effective than natural healing in minimizing post-extraction bone resorption, preserving both horizontal and vertical bone dimensions. Cortico-cancellous porcine bone particles and alloplastic materials yield superior results in maintaining alveolar ridge dimensions compared to control groups. Platelet-rich fibrin also reduces bone resorption and enhances preservation. Barrier membranes in ARP procedures further improve outcomes. CONCLUSION: Future research should refine ARP techniques and materials, focusing on long-term effectiveness and practicality. Investigations into cost-effectiveness and ease of application will promote broader adoption. By implementing tailored ARP strategies, dental professionals can enhance the long-term success of restorations, sustaining patients' health, function, and aesthetics.