Study on the Synthesis and Performance of Bio-Based Waterproof and Antifouling Finishing Agents for Fabrics

To broaden the application of bio-based antifouling self-cleaning finishing agents on cotton fabric surfaces， a waterborne polyurethane emulsion (GWPU) with excellent hydrophobic and antifouling properties was prepared and applied to cotton fabric surface treatment.GWPU was synthesized using glycerol monooleate (GMO) as a chain extender and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as an end-capping agent，followed by UV curing treatment to prepare GWPU films and cotton fabrics.Subsequently， the chemical structure， functional groups， and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that GMO was successfully incorporated into waterborne polyurethane (WPU).GWPU formed a continuous film-like structure on the cotton fiber surface， significantly enhancing the fabric’s hydrophobic and antifouling properties.The contact angle of liquid pollutants on the UV-cured GWPU-treated cotton fabric exceeded 110°.Moreover， increasing the GMO content led to larger emulsion particle sizes， and GWPU exhibited superior thermal properties compared to WPU.When the mass fraction of GMO reached 0.5%， the GWPU film achieved optimal tensile strength and elongation at break.Overall， this study successfully prepared GWPU emulsion and realized its effective application on cotton fabric surfaces，significantly improving the fabric’s functionality.GWPU demonstrated excellent physical properties and thermal stability， offering a novel approach for the functional modification of textile materials and showing promising application prospects.