Basic Information of 10 <i>X. sorbifolium</i> Germplasm.

<div> Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play a pivotal role in the accumulation of oils in plant seeds. To elucidate the role of <i>FADs</i> in oil accumulation in the seeds of <i>Xanthoceras sorbifolium</i>, this study employed bioinformatics analysis methods to identify and analyze the <i>FAD</i> gene family. A total of 25 <i>XsFAD</i> genes were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Systematic phylogenetic analysis revealed that the <i>XsFAD</i> gene family is divided into three branches, with each branch exhibiting similar gene structures. The regulatory elements within the <i>XsFAD</i> gene promoter indicate that <i>XsFAD</i> genes are regulated by multiple factors. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation revealed a positive correlation between the expression levels of <i>XsFAD</i> genes and the oil content of <i>X. sorbifolium</i>. By conducting phenotypic measurements of the <i>X. sorbifolium</i> fruit and seeds, as well as quantitative analysis of the <i>XsFAD</i> gene expression, it has been preliminarily identified that the Liudong-5 variety may poseess the potential to be developed into a high-yield oil-producing variety, which may be related to the habitat of the <i>X. sorbifolium</i> germplasm and requires further investagation. In summary, this study provides a foundational understanding of the <i>FAD</i> gene family of <i>X. sorbifolium</i>, and the research outcomes will contribute to the theoretical basis for the selection of high-yielding oil varieties of <i>X. sorbifolium</i> in the Xinjiang region, as well as further genetic breeding and cultivation system studies. </div>