Effect of outpatient or home-based cardiac rehabilitation training on cardiopulmonary function and mental health after percutaneous coronary intervention in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To investigate the effect of outpatient or home-based cardiac rehabilitation training on cardiopulmonary function and mental health after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 110 patients who underwent PCI in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were randomly divided into home-based group with 56 patients and outpatient group with 54 patients. An individualized rehabilitation training prescription was formulated based on the results of CPET assessment, and the patients in the outpatient group received cardiac rehabilitation training at the outpatient service, while those in the home-based group received cardiac rehabilitation training at home. Related data were recorded before training and after 3 months of training, including cardiorespiratory exercise test results, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) score, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, and the changes in these indicators were compared between the two groups. Results After rehabilitation training, both groups had significant increases in anaerobic threshold power, anaerobic threshold metabolic equivalent (ATMets), anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake per kilogram (ATVO2), peak power (PEAKPower), peak oxygen uptake per kilogram (PEAKVO2max), and peak metabolic equivalent (PEAKMets) (t=2.22-6.43,P<0.05), with no significant changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure at resting state (P>0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups in the changes in ATMets, ATVO2, PEAKPower, PEAKMets, and PEAKVO2max after training (z=2.23-4.10,P<0.05). Both groups had significant reductions in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores after rehabilitation training (t=5.82-8.59,P<0.05), and there were no signi-ficant differences in the changes in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores between the two groups after training (P>0.05). Conclusion Both outpatient and home-based cardiac rehabilitation training can improve cardiopulmonary function and alleviate anxiety and depression after PCI in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease, and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation training has a better effect than home-based training.