Analysis of the burden of ischemic stroke attributed to dietary factors in China from 1990 to 2021

Objective To analyze the burden level and trend of ischemic stroke attributed to dietary factors in China from 1990 to 2021.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) 2021 database, data related to age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates (ASDR) associated with ischemic stroke attributed to dietary factors in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. The annual percentage change (APC) at the turning points for both the mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, as well as the average annual percentage change (AAPC) across the entire study period were calculated utilizing the Joinpoint regression model.Results In 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of ischemic stroke attributed to dietary factors in China were 11.00 per 100,000 and 253.69 per 100,000, respectively. Additionally, the ASMR for ischemic stroke related to diet in males was 16.01 per 100,000, and in females it was 7.19 per 100,000. Similarly, the ASDR for males was 344.66 per 100,000, and for females it was 175.39 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of ischemic stroke attributed to dietary factors in China showed a decreasing trend, with AAPCs of -1.01 [95%CI (-1.27, -0.76)] and -0.95 [95%CI (-1.20, -0.70)], respectively. In the analysis of individual dietary factors, excessive sodium intake, low whole grain consumption, and low fruit consumption were the top three contributors to ASMR and ASDR. The burden of ischemic stroke associated with diets high in processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages had shown an upward trend during this period in both metrics.Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, the burden of diet- related ischemic stroke in China has gradually decreased, but the disease burden in men is much higher than that in women. The disease burden caused by excessive intake of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages has increased, which further emphasizes the importance of developing more precise prevention and intervention strategies for different genders and dietary factors.