Bridging ESG and the Circular Economy

This paper explores the relationship between Circular Economy (CE) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks—a connection that remains ambiguous in both academic literature and practical application. This lack of clarity hinders corporate accountability and progress toward sustainability goals. To address this, we examine how CE and ESG intersect by integrating relevant theories and practical approaches. We identify key strategic overlaps across diverse CE and ESG indicators and frameworks, demonstrating how each can inform and strengthen the other. We begin by outlining foundational theories and current practices in both CE and ESG, then explore how their integration can enhance organisational alignment and accountability, particularly in the environmental dimension of ESG. To support this synergy, we propose an updated 10-R framework for qualitative reporting, incorporating new dimensions such as Regeneration (e.g., Rewilding and Restoration) to reflect biodiversity considerations. Additionally, we introduce the Circularity Scoring Model (CSM) to assess organisational CE performance concerning ESG objectives quantitatively. Our findings suggest that embedding CE principles into accounting and investment practices can highlight opportunities for improvement, such as transitioning to renewable energy, sourcing alternative materials, extending product lifespans, enhancing repairability, minimising waste, and increasing use of recycled or regenerative resources.