Cu<sub>8</sub>S<sub>5</sub>/PDA@SA Hydrogel: A Synergistic\nPhotothermal and Photocatalytic Approach for Efficient Solar Steam\nSterilization

Solar\nabsorbers play a crucial role in interfacial solar steam\ngeneration (ISSG) technology, facilitating efficient steam generation\nand sterilization. Nonetheless, limitations in solar conversion efficiency\nand water transport effects, coupled with challenges in outdoor portability\nof traditional installations, have hindered the progress in steam\nsterilization technology. In this work, based on Cu<sub>8</sub>S<sub>5</sub>/PDA nanoparticles (NPs) and sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel,\na solar steam sterilization absorber with superior photothermal conversion\nand antibacterial properties was developed. The Cu<sub>8</sub>S<sub>5</sub>/PDA@SA hydrogel synthesized via in situ deposition demonstrated\nremarkable full-spectrum absorption performance and stable photothermal\nconversion ability (37.56%), capable of effectively destroying bacterial\nstructure and metabolic functions through multiple therapeutic mechanisms:\nphotothermal therapy via thermal effect of high temperature and chemodynamic\nand photodynamic therapies via oxidation of reactive oxygen species\nand depletion of intracellular glutathione, achieving 100% steam antibacterial\nefficiency and presenting excellent antibacterial potential under\nlow irradiation conditions. This study proposes a promising avenue\nfor the development of environmentally friendly and easy-to-use solar\nsteam sterilizers for off-grid conditions.