Cross-Disciplinary\nGlucose Biosensors: An ORMOSIL/Enzyme\nMaterial for Enhanced Detection

In this study, we introduce an efficient approach to\ncross-disciplinary\nglucose biosensor technology through the development of hybrid nanocomposite\nmaterials. These materials were crafted from redox-active polymers\nembedded in silica sol–gel matrices, intricately linked with\nphenazine mediators and reinforced with carbon nanotubes. By leveraging\nadvanced analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, scanning\nelectron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, we characterized the\nstructures of these redox-active polymers. Our investigation further\naddressed their electrochemical behaviors by employing cyclic voltammetry\nand impedance spectroscopy to elucidate their distinctive properties.\nEmploying a complex analytical strategy and a computational approach,\nthis study identified an optimal redox-active system that shows synergy\nbetween multiwalled nanotubes and engineered redox-active polymers.\nThis polymer, which is composed of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane\nand tetraethoxysilane at an optimized ratio of 20:80 vol %, is seamlessly\nintegrated with a covalently bonded neutral red mediator. The resulting\nbiosensor is capable of detecting glucose across a range of 0.01–0.92\nmM with a low detection limit of 0.003 mM. Its operational stability\nis 1.9%, coupled with an unparalleled selectivity that holds promise\nfor further enhancement through machine learning techniques. This\nmachine learning breakthrough represents a significant leap forward\nin the accurate quantification of glucose in diverse samples, achieving\na high degree of correlation with established methods. The composite\nmaterial revealed in this research has implications for further applications\nin biosensing technology. The biocompatibility, nontoxicity, stability,\nand superior conductivity of the material underscore its potential\nin the field, opening possibilities for the development of blood glucose\nmeasurement techniques.