Optimized operation strategy of electric vehicle charging stations in shared energy storage mode on two layers

Against the backdrop of rapid growth in electric vehicle holdings, there is a growing demand for the construction of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. To improve the charging station operation economy, an optimal scheduling method of EV charging stations with access to shared energy storage is proposed. Firstly, the operation modes of distributed energy storage and shared energy storage are analyzed, and the two-layer optimal scheduling model of EV charging station considering different operation modes of energy storage is constructed by taking the lowest annual investment cost and annual operating cost of charging station as the upper level objective function and the lowest typical daily operation cost as the lower level objective function. Secondly, three EV charging stations with differentiation are simulated and different energy storage operation modes in multiple scenarios are compared. Sensitivity analyses are then conducted on this basis for the effects of shared energy storage service fees and EV discharge losses on dispatching results. Finally, the example shows that shared energy storage access has a positive effect on reducing the operating costs of charging stations, and that reasonable pricing of the energy storage services and the cost of EV discharge losses can reduce the operating costs of charging stations.