The pollution status of Banten Bay waters based on physical and chemical parameters using CCME index

Banten Bay are located in northern part of Cilegon City, Banten Province. The water quality of Banten Bay is influenced by both environmental and anthropogenic factors, which if not properly managed can lead to pollution. This study aimed to assess the pollution status of Banten Bay waters using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index, both temporally and spatially. The observed parameters were temperature, turbidity, TSS, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total phosphate. The results indicate that most parameters are within the seawater quality standards for marine life, with the CCME index classifying the pollution status as fairly good. However, nutrient enrichment from land-based activities and sediment input from river discharge have been identified as key factors influencing water quality. Potential pollution sources include domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents, which, if unmanaged, can deteriorate the water quality. This study highlights the need for sustainable waste management practices to maintain the ecological health of the bay.