Time-Resolved\nMultiomics Illustrates Host and Gut\nMicrobe Interactions during <i>Salmonella</i> Infection

<i>Salmonella</i> infection, also known as <i>Salmonellosis</i>, is one of the most common food-borne illnesses. <i>Salmonella</i> infection can trigger host defensive functions,\nincluding an inflammatory\nresponse. The provoked-host inflammatory response has a significant\nimpact on the bacterial population in the gut. In addition, <i>Salmonella</i> competes with other gut microorganisms for survival\nand growth within the host. Compositional and functional alterations\nin gut bacteria occur because of the host immunological response and\ncompetition between <i>Salmonella</i> and the gut microbiome.\nHost variation and the inherent complexity of the gut microbial community\nmake understanding commensal and pathogen interactions particularly\ndifficult during a <i>Salmonella</i> infection. Here, we\npresent metabolomics and lipidomics analyses along with the 16S rRNA\nsequence analysis, revealing a comprehensive view of the metabolic\ninteractions between the host and gut microbiota during <i>Salmonella</i> infection in a CBA/J mouse model. We found that different metabolic\npathways were altered over the four investigated time points of <i>Salmonella</i> infection (days −2, +2, +6, and +13).\nFurthermore, metatranscriptomics analysis integrated with metabolomics\nand lipidomics analysis facilitated an understanding of the heterogeneous\nresponse of mice, depending on the degree of dysbiosis.