Influencing Factors of Grassroots Medical Care Seeking Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Received Contracted Family Doctor Services Based on Anderson Model

Background Shanghai has been implementing the "1+1+1" combined family doctor contract service for nearly a decade, and its effectiveness in promoting graded diagnosis and treatment and guiding residents to seek medical treatment at the grassroots level needs to be verified. Existing related studies mostly focus on the number of visits to primary clinics and patients' willingness to visit primary clinics as key analysis variables. However, these two indicators cannot comprehensively and truly reflect the actual utilization of primary healthcare services by residents. Objective To investigate the influencing factors of family doctors' signing up for type 2 diabetes patients to see doctors at the grass-roots level, so as to provide a scientific basis for further optimizing the allocation of community health service resources. Methods In May 2023, 550 patients with type 2 diabetes who have signed a contract with family doctors were selected by random sampling in Jinshanwei Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai. By accessing the medical data of patients enrolled in the regional health information platform in 2022, if the proportion of patients' visits to community health service institutions in that year to the total number of visits is less than 90%, it is considered that the compliance with grassroots medical treatment is poor, and if it is greater than or equal to 90%, it is considered that the compliance with grassroots medical treatment is good. Conduct a "face-to-face" questionnaire survey on the included patients, covering their basic information, disease and treatment status, health policy awareness and service utilization, etc. According to the Anderson model, the indicators are divided into three categories: propensity factors, ability factors, and need factors. The influencing factors of compliance of contracted type 2 diabetes patients with primary care were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results The questionnaire of 508 patients (92.4%) was effectively collected. Among them, 371 cases (73.0%) had good compliance with grassroots medical treatment, and 137 cases (27.0%) had poor compliance. The average scores of patients on the four dimensions of policy awareness, institutional trust, medical expenses, and medical services are (11.0±3.6), (17.6±2.6), (12.8±1.9), and (17.0±2.3) points, respectively. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the occupation and the nature of residence in the propensity factors, the type of medical insurance, the per capita monthly income of families, the medical service score in the ability factors, and the institutional trust score in the need factors were the influencing factors of type 2 diabetes patients' compliance with grassroots medical treatment (P<0.05) . Conclusion The patients with type 2 diabetes didn't have enough knowledge of the service policy signed by family doctors. Higher quality medical services and more reliable institutional trust were the promoting factors for the grassroots medical behavior of contracted residents with type 2 diabetes. It is suggested to strengthen the policy promotion of family doctor contract services, further enhance the capacity of community health services, and optimize the quality of community health services.