Photothermal\nInduced Dual-Interface: Accelerating\nSustainable Hydrogen Evolution from Formic Acid

Formic acid (FA), a liquid hydrogen\nstorage carrier, can release\nhydrogen via photothermal catalysis, providing a clean and sustainable\nsolution toward a carbon-neutral energy cycle. Despite recent advances\nin the design of efficient catalysts, the development of advanced\nsystems with high H<sub>2</sub> yield, stability, and durability remains\nchallenging due to the inefficient photothermal conversion and mass\ntransfer in the traditional liquid–solid bulk system, as well\nas the trade-off between hydrogen storage density and dehydrogenation\nrate. Here, we address these challenges by creating a photothermal-induced\ndual-interface characterized by high spectral absorption and low heat\nloss, a facile supply of FA, and vaporization of FA to minimize the\nenergy barrier of the reaction. As a result, a record hydrogen evolution\nrate (200.9 mmol g<sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>) is achieved\nin a high concentration (26 M) of FA, which is about 15 times higher than the liquid–solid\nbulk system. In addition, it can be operated continuously for more\nthan 192 h without additive addition and energy consumption, providing\na strategy for accelerating interfacial mass transfer to improve catalytic\nactivity, and also presents a reference for sustainable hydrogen production.