Ultrastrong Nanopapers\nwith Aramid Nanofibers and\nSilver Nanowires Reinforced by Cellulose Nanofibril-Assisted Dispersed\nGraphene Nanoplates for Superior Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

High-strength, lightweight, ultrathin, and flexible electromagnetic\ninterference (EMI) shielding materials with a high shielding effectiveness\n(SE) are essential for modern integrated electronics. Herein, cellulose\nnanofibrils (CNFs) are employed to homogeneously disperse graphene\nnanoplates (GNPs) into an aramid nanofiber (ANF) network and silver\nnanowire (AgNW) network, respectively, producing high-performance\nnanopapers. These nanopapers, featuring nacre-mimetic microstructures\nand layered architectures, exhibited high tensile strength (601.11\nMPa) and good toughness (103.56 MJ m<sup>–3</sup>) with a thickness\nof only 24.58 μm. Their specific tensile strength reaches 447.59\nMPa·g<sup>–1</sup>·cm<sup>3</sup>, which is 1.74\ntimes that of titanium alloys (257 MPa·g<sup>–1</sup>·cm<sup>3</sup>). The AgNW/GNP composite conductive layers exhibit an electrical\nconductivity of 12010.00 S cm<sup>–1</sup>, providing the nanopapers\nwith great EMI shielding performance, achieving an EMI SE of 63.87\ndB and an EMI SE/t of 25978.80 dB cm<sup>–1</sup>. The nanopapers\nalso show reliable durability, retaining a tensile strength of 500.96\nMPa and an EMI SE of 57.59 dB after 120,000 folding cycles. Additionally,\nthey have a good electrical heating performance with a fast response\ntime, low driving voltage, effective deicing capability, and reliable\nheating capacity in water. This work presents a strategy to develop\na high-performance nanopaper, showing great potential for applications\nin electromagnetic compatibility, national defense, smart electronics,\nand human health.