Proteomic and Transcriptomic\nProfiling Revealed Vital\nMolecular Events in the Transition from Goat Colostrum to Mature Milk

As an important nutrient source in large areas of the\nworld, goat\nmilk is favored by more and more consumers; however, the composition,\nnutritional value, and regulation mechanism of goat milk are not fully\ncharacterized. Mammary gland development is as important as detailed\nannotation of protein composition to address the physiological and\nnutritional values of goat milk. In the present study, 4353 colostrum\nand mature goat milk proteins were identified. The abundance of 118\nproteins was significantly different between colostrum and mature\nmilk proteins. Our results indicate that the milk protein changes\nwere associated with a network of mammary gene expression changes;\nimportantly, the prime factors include enhanced mammary growth/development,\ndecreased protein translation, attenuated protein folding, and lower\nlip/carbohydrate metabolism. The present study provides insights into\nthe changes in mammary metabolisms during the transition from colostrum\nto mature milk, which can help deeply explore the difference and regulation\nmechanism of active milk protein in colostrum and mature milk and\nprovide references for the identification and functional study of\nbioactive milk proteins in colostrum.