Study of NegativePermittivity in Nanosized LaNiO₃ for Electromagnetic InterferenceShielding: A Modified DrudeModel Approach

Addressing the growing concern of electromagnetic (EM) pollution requires the development of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This study investigates the epsilon-negative (ENG) behavior of nanosized LaNiO₃, highlighting its potential as a reflective shield for EMI and as an alternative to conventional metal-based composites in stealth and shielding applications. LaNiO₃ was synthesized by the sol–gel method, and its phase purity was confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Electrical characterization revealed consistent ENG behavior [ε_<i>r</i>^′ ∼ (22.32 ± 0.11) × 10⁶] and metallic conductivity (σ_<i>total</i> ∼ 131 S/m) across 100 Hz to 1.5 MHz and up to 300 °C. The Drude model was initially applied to fit the experimental data; however, a significant mismatch between the theoretical model and the experimental results encouraged us to refine the theoretical approach by incorporating a term for displacement current, which had been neglected in the original Drude model. By fitting the modified Drude model to the experimental data points, we calculated the plasma frequency [ω_<i>p</i> ∼ (3.09 ± 0.46) GHz] and damped frequency (ω_τ ∼ 1.57 MHz). Impedance studies showed a negative phase angle (φ) and an upward trend in the Nyquist plot (<i>Z″</i> vs <i>Z′</i>), demonstrating an inductive nature for LaNiO₃. Microwave measurements demonstrated a shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼33 dB, primarily due to reflection resulting from impedance mismatch. The findings demonstrated that LaNiO₃ could be a promising candidate for EMI shielding in reflection mode.