Exploring the Potential and Hurdles of Perovskite Solar Cells with p‑i‑n Structure

The p-i-n architecture within perovskite solar cells\n(PSCs) is\nswiftly transitioning from an alternative concept to the forefront\nof perovskite photovoltaic technology, driven by significant advancements\nin performance and suitability for tandem solar cell integration.\nThe relentless pursuit to increase efficiencies and understand the\nfactors contributing to instability has yielded notable strategies\nfor enhancing p-i-n PSC performance. Chief among these is the advancement\nin passivation techniques, including the application of self-assembled\nmonolayers (SAMs), which have proven central to mitigating interface-related\ninefficiencies. This Perspective delves into a curated selection of\nrecent impactful studies on p-i-n PSCs, focusing on the latest material\ndevelopments, device architecture refinements, and performance optimization\ntactics. We particularly emphasize the strides made in passivation\nand interfacial engineering. Furthermore, we explore the strides and\npotential of p-i-n structured perovskite tandem solar cells. The Perspective\nculminates in a discussion of the persistent challenges facing p-i-n\nPSCs, such as long-term stability, scalability, and the pursuit of\nenvironmentally benign solutions, setting the stage for future research\ndirectives.