CuSO<sub>4</sub>/<i>N</i>‑(9<i>H</i>‑carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide-Catalyzed\nC–O\nCoupling of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides with Phenols on Water

A Cu-catalyzed\nC–O coupling of (hetero)­aryl chlorides with\nphenols at 120 °C on water was developed with a designed ligand, <i>N</i>-(9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)­picolinamide (<b>L2</b>). This method features a good substrate scope (both electron-donating\nand electron-withdrawing), low catalyst/ligand loadings (down to 1\nmol %), and excellent scalability and practicability.