Identification\nof the Active EPA/AA-Binding Ether-Type\nPhosphatidylcholine Derived from the Starfish Patiria\npectinifera for C2C12 Myotube Growth

Concerns about nutritional approaches for promoting skeletal\nmuscle\nmass and function have increased. This study assessed the effects\nof starfish-derived glycerophospholipids (PLs) (SPL), characterized\nby unique ether-linked subclasses, alkylacyl (Alk)- and alkenylacyl\n(Pls)-PL, on skeletal muscle function, focusing on myotube formation\nin C2C12 myoblasts. SPL was prepared via chloroform/methanol extraction\nfrom Patiria pectinifera, followed\nby silica gel chromatography fractionation. Myoblasts were induced\nto differentiate with or without SPL treatment. On day 7 of differentiation,\n50 μg/mL of SPL treatment increased myotube diameter. The phosphatidylcholine\n(PC) fraction (SPC) also enhanced myotube growth at 30 μg/mL.\nLC–MS/MS analysis indicated the most abundant PC molecular\nspecies in SPC were Alk- and Pls-PC with eicosapentaenoic acid and\narachidonic acid. Treatment with 1-<i>O</i>-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC,\n1–1(<i>Z</i>)-hexadecenyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC or 1-<i>O</i>-hexadecyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-PC increased myotube diameter\nand myokine Il-15 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate a novel\nfunctionality of SPC and highlight the role of ether-type PC molecules\nin muscle function.